This label is for a role introduced by certain constructions (e.g., causative constructions) in which an event that ordinarily has a certain set of core participants (possibly including a [ss Force] or [ss Agent]) is framed as caused by another participant via valency-augmentation.

In English, this is rarely expressed with a preposition, but may be seen in the passive [p en/by]-phrase of a Caused Motion Construction:

- [ex 001 "The horse was jumped over the fence [p en/by Causer] Claire. <br/>[active paraphrase: Claire jumped the horse over the fence.]"]

Note that in the example, the horse is the one actually jumping, and (if annotated) would thus be the [ss Agent]; whereas Claire is the [ss Causer] of that semi-volitional jumping event.

A [ss Causer] may be animate or inanimate.

*Prior to v2.6, "Causer" had a different meaning which is now termed [ss Force].*