Welcome to Xposition, a semantic database of adpositions (prepositions and postpositions) in the world's languages!

The database is being constructed as part of a research project by computational linguists at Georgetown University and collaborators around the world. It is currently very much a work in progress. Following the SNACS annotation scheme (Schneider et al., 2018; Schneider et al., 2022), the database contains:

  • supersenses: a universal set of 52 coarse-grained classes of semantic relations expressed by adpositions, organized in a taxonomy
  • construals: role-function pairings, where the role and function are both supersenses; see Hwang et al. 2017 for explanation
  • languages that we have begun to document; for each language we document
    • adpositions: morphological entries for prepositions and postpositions in the language, each with
      • usages: "sense" entries, i.e., the adposition paired with a semantic construal, as well as case information for languages where different adpositions license different complement cases

Use the toolbar at the top of the page to browse the database.

Supplementary pages: What counts as an adposition? and Constraints on role and function combinations

Languages#

The languages listed in the menu at the top of the page have at least some lexicographic documentation (lists of adpositions and their possible supersenses).

SNACS Corpora#

A number of corpora in several languages have been annotated with SNACS: here is a list. Thus far, Xposition contains the data from:

Attestations from these corpora appear at the bottom of adposition and supersense pages, and can be browsed in a new window. Work on importing other SNACS corpora into the site is underway.

Other Preposition Resources#

For a finer-grained database of English prepositions, see The Preposition Project.

About#

This website was developed at Georgetown University, adapted from django-wiki: Xposition codebase. The research on the crosslinguistic SNACS framework is led by Nathan Schneider, Vivek Srikumar, and Jena Hwang in cooperation with many other contributors.

For the SNACS annotation scheme in general:

For descriptions of the latest SNACS supersense categories with respect to English:

For this website/database:

Annotator tutorial:

For annotated corpora and language-specific annotation guidelines: see this page.