**Prior to v2.6, known as Causer. Since v2.6, [ss Causer] has a different meaning.**

[ss Force] is a generalization of [ss Agent] with respect to animacy. [ss Force] is applied directly to *inanimate* things or forces conceptualized as entities, such as in a passive [p en/by]-phrase ([[Passives]]):

- [ex 001 "the devastation of<sub>[ss Theme]</sub> the town wreaked [p en/by Force] the fire"]

- [ex 007 "dying [p en/of Force] cancer"]

- [ss Force--Gestalt]:
	- [ex 002 "the devastation [p en/of Force--Gestalt] the fire on<sub>[ss Theme]</sub> the town"]

	- [ex 003 "the fire[p en/'s Force--Gestalt] devastation of<sub>[ss Theme]</sub> the town"]

The [ss Force] is sometimes construed as a [ss Source]:

- [ss Force--Source]:
	- [ex 004 "the devastation [p en/from Force--Source] the fire"]

	- [ex 005 "fatalities [p en/from Force--Source] cancer"]

	- [ex 006 "FDR suffered [p en/from Force--Source] polio."]

Contrast: [ss Causer]

See also: [ss Instrument]