- [ex 001 "I like to sing <u>[p en/at Locus] the gym</u>/<u>[p en/on Locus] Main St.</u>/<u>[p en/in Locus] the shower</u>."]

- [ex 002 "The cat is <u>[p en/on_top_of Locus]</u>/<u>[p en/off Locus]</u>/<u>[p en/beside Locus]</u>/<u>[p en/near Locus]</u> the dog."]

- [ex 003 "There are flowers <u>[p en/between Locus]</u>/<u>[p en/among Locus]</u> the trees."]

- [ex 004 "When you drive north, the river is [p en/on Locus] the right."]

- [ex 005 "I read it <u>[p en/in Locus] a book</u>/<u>[p en/on Locus] a website</u>."]

- [ex 033 "the data [p en/in Locus] the study"]

- [ex 006 "The charge is [p en/on Locus] my credit card."]

- [ex 007 "We met [p en/on Locus] a trip to Paris."]

- [ex 008 "The Dow is [p en/at Locus] <u>a new high</u>/<u>20,000</u>. [absolute scalar point value: see discussion at [ss ComparisonRef]]"]

- [ex 009 "That’s [p en/in Locus] my price range."]

The [ss Locus] may be a part of another scene argument: part of a figure whose static orientation is described, or a focal part of a ground where contact with the figure occurs:[^1]

- [ex 010 "She was lying [p en/on Locus] her back."]

- [ex 011 "She kissed me [p en/on Locus] the cheek."]

- [ex 012 "I want to punch you [p en/in Locus] the face."]

Words that incorporate a kind of reference point are [ss Locus] even without an overt object:

- [ex 013 "The cat is [p en/inside Locus] the house."]

- [ex 014 "The cat is [p en/inside Locus]."]

- [ex 015 "All passengers are [p en/aboard Locus] the ship."]

- [ex 016 "All passengers are [p en/aboard Locus]."]

[ss Locus] also applies to [p en/in], [p en/out], [p en/off], [p en/away], [p en/back], etc. when used to describe a location without an overt object:

- [ex 017 "The doctor is <u>[p en/in Locus]</u>/<u>[p en/out_of Locus]</u>/<u>[p en/away_from Locus]</u> the office."]

- [ex 018 "The doctor is <u>[p en/in Locus]</u>/<u>[p en/out Locus]</u>/<u>[p en/away Locus]</u>."]

- [ex 019 "They are [p en/out Locus] to eat."]

And to [p en/around] meaning ‘nearby’ or ‘in the area’:

- [ex 020 "Will you be [p en/around Locus] in the afternoon?"]

- [ex 021 "She’s the best doctor [p en/around Locus]!"]

In a phenomenon called **fictive motion** ([Talmy, 1996](/bib/talmy_1996/)), dynamic language may be used to describe static scenes.
We use construal for these:

- [ex 022 "A road runs [p en/through Locus--Path] my property. ([ss Locus--Path])"]

- [ex 023 "John saw Mary <u>[p en/through Locus--Path] the window</u>/<u>[p en/over Locus--Path] the fence</u>.[^2] ([ss Locus--Path])"]

- [ex 024 "The road extends [p en/to Locus--Goal] the river. ([ss Locus--Goal])"]

- [ex 025 "I saw him [p en/from Locus--Source] the roof. ([ss Locus--Source])"]

- [ex 026 "Protesters were <u>kept</u>/<u>missing</u> [p en/from Locus--Source] the area. ([ss Locus--Source])"]

- [ex 027 "We live [p en/across_from Locus--Source] you. ([ss Locus--Source])"]

- [ex 028 "We’re just [p en/across Locus--Path] the street from<sub>[ss Locus--Source]</sub> you. ([ss Locus--Path])"]

Construal is also used for prepositions licensed by scalar adjectives of distance, [exref 029 Locus], and prepositions used with a cardinal direction, [exref 031 Locus]:

- [ex 029 "We are quite close [p en/to Locus--Goal] the river. ([ss Locus--Goal])"]

- [ex 030 "We are quite far [p en/from Locus--Source] the river. ([ss Locus--Source])"]

- [ex 031 "The river is [p en/to Locus--Goal] the north. ([ss Locus--Goal]) [cf. [exref 004 Locus]]"]

- [ex 032 "The river is north [p en/of Locus--Source] Paris. ([ss Locus--Source])"]

See also [ss Locus--Direction] for static distance measurements, described under [ss Direction].

Qualitative states are analyzed as [ss Manner--Locus], as described under [ss Manner].

[^1]: [ss PartPortion] was considered but rejected for these cases. Instead we assume the verb semantics would stipulate that it licenses a [ss Theme] as well as a (core) [ss Locus] which must be a part of that [ss Theme].
[^2]: The scene establishes a static spatial arrangement of John, Mary, and the window/fence,  with only metaphorical motion. Yet this is a non-prototypical [ss Locus]: it cannot be questioned with <i>Where?</i>, for example.  Moreover, we understand from the scene that the object of the preposition is something with respect to which the viewer is navigating in order to see without obstruction.